Eric Lai
MARINA DEL REY: Soon there will be even more dots to remember, adding to the
Internet's already mind-boggling array of addresses.
The Internet's governing body on Thursday made a big change to the landscape
of the World Wide Web, approving seven new Web site domain names to complement
the existing list topped by .com, .net, .org and .gov.
Out of the 44 applications, the board of the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) chose .biz, .info, .name, .pro, .museum,
.aero and .coop - and rejected a slew of other options hotly debated by industry
players.
The choice of the new domain names, which are expected to become available to
businesses and consumers by the middle of next year, culminates a drawn-out
process for setting the next stage of growth on the Internet.
"This is a first giant step for domain-kind," said Esther Dyson,
chairperson of ICANN.
Major companies involved in winning bids to operate the huge databases
holding Web site addresses, also called registries, included VeriSign Inc.,
which currently enjoys a near-monopoly as the sole registry operator for all
domain names not ending in a country suffix, International Business Machines
Corp. and Register.com , a fast-growing US reseller of Web site addresses.
Some of the new domain names, like .info and .name, will be open to almost
anyone to register starting by the middle of next year. Others, such as .museum,
and .biz, will be restricted to members of companies or relevant fields.
No dot Web, for now
One of the most vied-for domain names, .web, was at the last moment taken out of
the "approved" basket because of a controversy over the ownership.
Affilias, a consortium of big companies including VeriSign, was wrangling with a
small California company, Image Online Design Inc., which said it registered
tens of thousands of users for .web in the past several years due to what it
claims was a prior agreement.
An impassioned speech by Vint Cerf, an ICANN board member who was later
elected new board chairman on behalf of Image Online, helped sway the board at
the last moment, which granted Affilias the .info domain name, considered to be
a less popular domain name, instead.
For observers, the climb-down symbolized a small victory for the original
spirit of the Internet, represented here by the ponytailed techies and
entrepreneurs, over the encroachment of big businesses.
The new domains will likely lead to a price reduction. Domain names typically
cost $35 per year. Companies that won the new domains will compete head-on with
VeriSign Inc., which via its $20 billion acquisition of Network Solutions, Inc.
earlier this year has a near-monopoly on the registration of domain names.
There are more than an estimated 25 million top-level domain names, nearly
all of them ending in .com or .net. There is a much smaller list of
country-level domain names, which end in country suffixes like .cn for China or
.uk for Britain.
Critics say the fact that only seven top-level domain name suffixes now exist
has directly led to trademark disputes between similar-sounding companies, and
rampant speculation by cybersquatters hoping to cash in on valuable names. The
new domain names should give alternatives to companies victimized by
cybersquatters, said Ken Hansen, an executive with NeuStar Inc., which will
introduce the .biz domain name next year.
Embroiled in controversy
ICANN has been embroiled in controversy ever since it was created in 1998 by the
United States government to oversee the domain name system. About half of the
board members were chosen on ICANN's inception, with the other half chosen by
constituencies within ICANN.
That has led to accusations of nepotism, and over-representation by corporate
and big business interests instead of regular Internet users, especially outside
of the United States, and calls for ICANN's abolishment.
To assuage critics, ICANN earlier this year held a direct election via the
Internet for five new board members, who did not start their terms until after
the board meeting. But it is also considering limiting further direct elections
of board members, which prompted some ICANN attendees to wear buttons saying
"Help Stamp Out ICANN Board Squatting".
The board also tried to become more transparent. The final decisions were
made in front of a non-participating but packed audience in a hotel meeting room
here, and were also broadcast over the Internet, where viewers could immediately
post their vociferous reactions on the ICANN Web site or even e-mail the board
members as they agonized.
In choosing new domains to add and the companies to run them, the board said
it was looking for diversity in company size, and region, strength of their
business plan, and their technical proficiency to handle this.
"Competing with .com requires technical ability. You need to emphasize
this, or competition can't exist," said Jun Murai, a member of ICANN's
board.
But some complained that with the emphasis on the financial fitness of the
applicants, ICANN was looking more like a venture capitalist rather than a
non-profit corporation.
"ICANN has become a large gatekeeper deciding who has the right to print
money on the Internet," said Karl Auerbach, a long-time critic of ICANN who
favors adding up to 10,000 new domain name suffixes per year. Auerbach is an
incoming ICANN board member who did not participate in the selection process.
Among the domain names not approved by the board Thursday were .iii, which
would've granted permanent domain names to individuals to make e-mail forwarding
easier, and .kids, as it said it could lead to Web sites with content harmful
rather than beneficial for children. The most surprising omission from the
board's group was the .geo domain name, which would've created a huge
Web-accessible database of businesses and monuments based on location.
(C) Reuters Limited 2000.