CIOL: How do you differentiate data security from data integrity?
RR: Data Integrity refers to the validity of data. There are many ways to minimize these threats to data integrity. These include:

•  backing up data regularly,
•  controlling access to data via security mechanisms,
•  designing user interfaces that prevent the input of invalid data, and
•  using error detection and correction software when transmitting data,

Data security is the means of ensuring that data is kept safe from corruption and that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus data security helps to ensure privacy.

•  It also helps in protecting personal data.
•  It refers to techniques for ensuring that data stored in a computer cannot be read or compromised by any individuals without authorization.
•  Most security measures involve data encryption and passwords.

CIOL: What are the challenges for preserving data integrity?
RR: Data integrity can be compromised in a number of ways:

•  Human errors when data is entered,
•  Errors that occur when data is transmitted from one computer to another,
•  Software bugs or viruses,
•  Hardware malfunctions, such as disk crashes, and
•  Natural disasters, such as fires and floods.